Hindu Dharma Malayalam PDF 22: A Brief Introduction to Hinduism
Hinduism is one of the oldest and most diverse religions in the world. It has no single founder, no single scripture, and no single set of doctrines. It is a way of life that encompasses various traditions, philosophies, practices, and beliefs. Hinduism is often called a family of religions, as it has many branches and sects that differ in their views and practices.
One of the key concepts in Hinduism is dharma, which means duty, law, or righteousness. Dharma is the moral and spiritual order that governs the universe and human conduct. It is the essence of Hindu ethics and values. Dharma can also refer to the teachings and doctrines of Hindu scriptures and sages. Dharma is one of the four aims of human life in Hinduism, along with artha (wealth), kama (pleasure), and moksha (liberation).
hindu dharma malayalam pdf 22
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Hindu dharma is based on the idea of karma, which means action and its consequences. Hindus believe that every action has a moral effect, either good or bad, that determines one's destiny in this life and the next. The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) is driven by karma. The goal of Hindu dharma is to perform one's duties according to one's caste, stage of life, and personal nature (svadharma), without attachment or desire for the fruits of one's actions. This way, one can purify one's mind and soul and attain moksha, the liberation from samsara.
Hindu dharma is also influenced by the concept of varna, which means color or class. Hindu society is traditionally divided into four varnas: Brahmins (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (servants and laborers). Each varna has its own dharma, or duties and responsibilities, that are prescribed by the scriptures. There is also a fifth category of people called Dalits or untouchables, who are considered outside the varna system and face discrimination and oppression.
Hindu dharma is not a rigid or fixed system, but a dynamic and evolving one. It adapts to changing times and circumstances, while preserving its core values and principles. Hindu dharma is also pluralistic and tolerant, allowing for diversity of opinions and practices within its fold. Hindu dharma is not a dogma or a creed, but a way of living in harmony with oneself, others, nature, and God.
Hindu dharma is expressed through a variety of beliefs and practices, which are reflected in the diversity of Hindu scriptures. The most ancient and authoritative scriptures of Hinduism are the Vedas, which consist of four collections of hymns and rituals. The Vedas are considered to be of divine origin and eternal. They contain the highest knowledge and wisdom of Hindu dharma. The Vedas are supplemented by other texts, such as the Upanishads, which explore the philosophical and mystical aspects of Hinduism; the Epics, such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which narrate the heroic deeds and adventures of gods and humans; and the Puranas, which contain stories and legends about the creation and destruction of the world, the gods and goddesses, and their devotees.
Hindu dharma is also manifested through the worship of a multitude of gods and goddesses, who represent various aspects of the supreme Brahman. Hindus believe that all gods and goddesses are manifestations of one reality, and that they can approach Brahman through any of them. Some of the most popular deities in Hinduism are Vishnu, the preserver; Shiva, the destroyer; Ganesha, the remover of obstacles; Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth; Saraswati, the goddess of learning; Durga, the goddess of power; and Hanuman, the monkey god. Hindus worship these deities in various ways, such as offering prayers, chants, flowers, fruits, incense, lamps, water, or food; performing rituals and ceremonies; visiting temples and shrines; celebrating festivals and holidays; and practicing meditation and yoga.
Hindu dharma is also influenced by the concept of ahimsa, which means non-violence or non-injury. Hindus believe that all living beings are sacred and have a soul (atman), and that harming any creature is harming oneself. Ahimsa is one of the cardinal virtues of Hinduism, along with truthfulness (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-possessiveness (aparigraha). Ahimsa is also the basis for vegetarianism among many Hindus, who avoid eating meat out of respect for life. Ahimsa is also a principle of social justice and harmony, as it promotes tolerance, compassion, forgiveness, and peace among all people. 29c81ba772
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